A & B SCAN

A-scan, or amplitude scan, is one method used for ocular assessment via ultrasound. It is used to measure the length between the cornea and the retina. The test delivers accurate dimensions that support diagnoses such as a retinal detachment, choroidal melanoma, tumors.

B-scan, or brightness scan, is another method used for ocular assessment and is performed directly on an anesthetized eye. It is used for evaluating posterior segments and orbital pathology. Also, used to diagnose retinal or choroidal detachment, as well as foreign bodies, calcium, and tumors within the eye.

Implementation of A-Scan and B-Scan :

Before A-scan, eyes are numbed with anesthetic eye drops. You sit in a chair with your chin placed on a chin rest to look straight forward. The ultrasound wand is positioned on the front surface of the eye. During a B-scan, patient’s eyelids are closed to apply a gel prior to the probe’s use. Patient is asked to move his/her eyes in several directions. Scans are quick and deliver fast results.

OCT (FOURIER 4-D SCAN)

Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) is a non-invasive diagnostic instrument used for imaging the retina. It can detect problems in the eye prior to any symptoms being present in the patient. It also helps to detect macular holes, hypertensive retinopathy and even optic nerve damage. With the advent of Fourier-domain techniques, optical coherence tomography (OCT) has advanced from high-resolution ‘point’ imaging over small fields-of-view to comprehensive microscopic imaging over three-dimensional volumes that are comparable to the dimensions of luminal internal organs.

NON CONTACT TONOMETRY

A tonometer is a diagnostic tool used to measure the Intraocular Pressure (IOP) inside a patient’s eye. The IOP helps an ophthalmologist to determine a patient’s risk for developing glaucoma – a disease that damages the optic nerve of the eye, resulting in vision loss or even blindness. A non-contact tonometer uses a small puff of air to measure an eye’s pressure. The air puff flattens the patient’s cornea in a non-invasive way, so patient’s eyes do not need to be numbed before the test.

AUTOMATED PERIMETRY

Automated perimetry uses a mobile stimulus moved by a perimetry machine. The patient indicates whether he sees the light by pushing a button. The use of a white background and lights of incremental brightness is called “white-on-white” perimetry. This method is commonly used for early detection of blind spots. The patient sits in front of an (artificial) small concave dome in a small machine with a target in the center. The chin rests on the machine and the eye that is not being tested is covered. The patient is given a button to be used during the exam. The patient is asked to focus on the target at the center. A computer then shines lights on the inside dome and the patient clicks the button whenever a light is seen. In this way, the computer automatically maps and calculates the patient’s visual field. It has become the mainstream for assessment of functional glaucomatous loss and progressive damage.

FUNDUS FLUORESCEIN ANGIOGRAPHY (FFA)

Fundus Fluorescein Angiography (FFA) is used to examine the circulation of the retina and choroid (parts of the fundus) using a fluorescent dye and a specialized camera. Sodium fluorescein is added into the systemic circulation, the retina is illuminated with blue light at a wavelength of 490 nanometers, and an angiogram is obtained by photographing the fluorescent green light that is emitted by the dye. The test is a dye tracing method. It allows careful study of the retinal circulation.

WAVEFRONT ARK

COMPUTERIZED ECG

OPTICAL BIOMETER

Optical biometer is used to perform ocular biometry to measure the length of the eye, curve and width of the cornea, and anterior chamber depth. This information is used before refractive or cataract surgery to determine the intraocular lens (IOL) power a patient requires. Optical biometer uses a number of formulas used to calculate the IOL power, providing the accurate information a doctor needs prior to surgery.

APPLANATION TONOMETRY

In applanation tonometry the intraocular pressure (IOP) is inferred from the force required to applanate that is flatten a constant area of the cornea. Because the probe makes contact with the cornea, a topical anesthetic, such as proxymetacaine, is introduced on to the surface of the eye in the form of an eye drop.

PACHYMETRY

A pachymeter is a medical device used to measure the thickness of the eye’s cornea. It is used prior to a Corneal Molding (Non-surgió al Vision Correction) evaluation, LASIK surgery, and is useful in screening for patients suspected of developing glaucoma. A probe called a pachymeter is gently placed on the front of the eye (the cornea) to measure its thickness. With this measurement, doctor can better understand IOP reading, and develop a treatment plan that is right for patient’s condition.

ILO & DIRECT OPHTHALMOSCOPY

The direct ophthalmoscope allows you to look into the back of the eye to look at the health of the retina, optic nerve, vasculature and vitreous humor. This exam produces an upright image of approximately 15 times magnification. Indirect ophthalmoscopy one that produces an inverted, or reversed, image of 2 to 5 times magnification.